There are many ways for cyber criminals to access data belonging to Internet users. Using a strong password for all your online accounts is a good way to protect yourself against a data-stealing attack - but in some cases, that alone is not enough. Criminals may use fake e-mails to convince users to share their information willingly.

Another potential method of attack is via malware such as trojans, which can get hold of access data. And last but not least, criminals often steal databases maintained by service providers - something that is virtually impossible to protect yourself against as an individual.

Data leaks and doxing

With doxing, criminals collect personal data, bundle it and then make it publicly available. The best way to prevent this kind of attack is to take a very minimal approach to putting your own data online. When choosing service providers, you should also consider their reputation and the security measures they have in place.

• Use strong passwords, particularly for access to customer accounts with banks, online stores, social media and e-mail inboxes.
• Activate two-factor authentication.
• Password managers can be a helpful tool.

Names, telephone numbers and even dates of birth are readily available on the Internet. Opportunities for identity theft have significantly increased as our use of the Internet has grown. Back in 2014, the BSI issued multiple warnings for large-scale identity thefts affecting many millions of e-mail accounts. Third parties are able to take control not only of your e-mail account, but also your Facebook page or Twitter account, using your name to send out messages. Your credit card or Internet banking access information could also fall into the wrong hands.