The study aims to product-independently describe and analyze MANO so that specific certification requirements can be created based on the results of the study.

IHP GmbH has authored a study on behalf of the BSI, which depicts possible leverage points in the production chain of complex IT systems that an attacker can exploit, e.g. the insertion of Hardware Trojans.

In project 540 "Use of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Diagnostic and Prognosis Systems", a prototypical development of test criteria and testing methods for AI methods in the field of ECG diagnostics was conducted.

Since the need for post-quantum cryptography emerged the interest in hash-based signatures (HBS) has significantly increased. Since their standardization especially stateful HBS like XMSS have been deployed in several products ranging from embedded devices up to servers.

Smart App Control (abbreviated by SAC) has been introduced with Windows 11 version 22H2 (version 22572 or higher) by Microsoft as a new feature designed to reduce the risk of malware execution.

These days microcontrollers are widely used in numerous applications such as aerospace, automotive or in medical devices.

The security of artificial intelligence (AI) systems is an active and fast-moving research area. Many questions and problems regarding the systematic safeguarding and testing of AI-systems are still open. Within the project "Security of AI Systems: Fundamentals", the BSI conducted three studies to address this complex of topics.